The current research examines the two books Khumrehand Tanour va Dastanhaye digar- written by Houshang Moradi Kermani - from an environmental linguistics (aka. ecolinguistic) approach. In the present study, among Arran Stibbe’s eight environmental stories, five stories of Ideologies, Evaluations, Identities, Erasure, and Salience, have been reviewed and analyzed. Determining the occurrence percentage of stories and analyzing these statistics in the body of research has been done using a descriptive-analytical method. It can be said that there is a downward trend in the level of realization of environmental stories of Salience, Evaluations, Ideologies and Identities. The story of Erasure which has a negative value, shows a small percentage of occurrence in these books. Evaluating stories based on ecosophies suggests that philosophies such as “Valuing life,” “Wellbeing,” and “Respect for the lives of all species” have a high frequency in these texts. Philosophies concerning “Now and future” and “Environmental limits” are also discernible in the research data. Except for two short stories, the stories of these two books show Kermani's positive view of ecosophies. Education plays a very important role in achieving the goals of culturization, value creation and modeling. Among the most valuable resources for promoting environmental cultures are media, books and institutions such as education and pedagogy. Reflecting on children and adolescents’ books can be a way to spread and institutionalize environmental culture.

Simile represents the intellectual and mental essence of poets and writers, enabling access to their works' hidden layers of imagination and familiarizing the reader with their personal beliefs, life experiences, and perspectives on society. Similes are often influenced by the central interests and perspectives of the poet or writer, reflecting the prevailing thoughts and dominant culture of society. Similes are shaped by the personal and individual worlds of the poet or writer, as well as by the culture and beliefs of the community, thereby being influenced by these factors, whether consciously or unconsciously. Among the forms of imagination, simile has always been of particular interest to poets and writers. Houshang Moradi Kermani has also paid significant attention to similes. A simile is the most important and commonly used imaginative form in Moradi Kermani stories. In this descriptive-analytical research, simile, the elements of simile, the objectives of simile, and the role of simile in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani were examined. The research findings indicate that simile is used to enhance the narrative elements, such as atmosphere, characterization, tone, dialogue, and internalization of the theme. Similes are harmonious with the language and tone of the narrator and the story’s characters, with the similes used in the atmosphere of the story being more imaginative. The objectives of simile are primarily to express Situation of tenor, exaggeration, belittlement, and Imagination.

The present research analyzes the metadiscourse markers in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani, one of the prominent authors of children and young adult literature. It examines the trend of changes in these markers over the period from 1971 to 2021. This study, based on Hyland's (2005) model of metadiscourse, investigates the interactional and interactive metadiscourse markers in Moradi Kermani's works over five decades. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were extracted using the AntConc software. Statistical analysis of the data using Kendall's test shows that over time, the use of interactional metadiscourse elements in Kermani's works has increased, while interactive elements have decreased. This trend indicates the author's effort to strengthen the connection with the reader and personalize literary texts over time. The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the rhetorical changes in children's and young adults' literature and show how authors in this field adapt their writing style to cultural and social changes

Today, in the children and adolescents' literature and especially in field of writing the story attention should be paid to creating stories for children and adolescents which include educational, social and ethical issues in addition to being entertaining  and motivating children aesthetic sense. So, children are guided on the way of their individual identity discovery and life purpose. Also, they learn needing some experiences for developing their personality. The aim of this article is to survey Houshang Moradi Kermani's "Majid' stories" in social and educational aspects. The author relates social issues and the dominant problems in society by using the beautiful and artistic satire. Information on the social conditions has an educational role in efflorescence of adolescents' intellectual and cultural development.

Semiotics is an investigation into the implicit and hidden meanings of the text. In light of this science of signs, many stories written for children and teenagers become more innovative and effective. The novella by Hushang Moradi Kermani entitled Soft Pillow is enriched with countless signs in its elements, each representing new concepts. The current study uses a descriptive–analytical method to examine the significations of the title and elements of this novella using the semiotic theory of Peirce. The findings show that the title of this novel is the author's invention and a symbolic sign, the integration of which into intra-contextual elements would represent concepts such as using the power of words, seizing the opportunity, the value of wisdom, paying attention to the young generation, and the importance of the role of women in the society.

One of the areas of research in comparative literature is the study of the relationship between literature and cinema. This research analyses the adaptation process of "Lonesome Trees" )by Houshang Moradi Kermani( in its cinematic adaptation )directed by Saeed Ebrahimifar(, from the perspective of literary adaptation. The goal of this paper is to study and analyze the changes that have taken place during the adaptation process. The theoretical framework of this research is based on A Theory of Adaptation by Linda Hutcheon. Hutcheon believes that adaptation is an active and meaning making process in which the adapter interacts with the text as a reader. The result of this reading is a creative interpretation which is the product of the adapter’, s mindset. Therefore, loyalty is not the evaluation criterion for a cinematic adaptation. In this paper, we demonstrate how and why, as a director and an adaptor, Saeed Ebrahimifar creates a unique narrative independent from Moradi Kermani’, s "Lonesome Trees" a work which has significant differences from the original text.

Apres une longue carriere d’ecrivain, Houchang Moradi Kermani, l’auteur illustre des contes pour enfants se met a consigner sa propre vie dans un livre intitule Soma Keh Gharibeh nistid (Vous a qui je peux tout dire). Cette autobiographie represente d’une maniere manifeste et intelligible, le "devenir" d'un auteur iranien, des son enfance problematique jusqu’a une sagesse remplie d’honneur et de succes. La presence constante de la notion de la souffrance et de l'evolution dans ce roman nous a encourage a presenter une comparaison quoique breve du passe de cet auteur avec la vie de Gustave Flaubert connu de sa famille comme un paralyse mental. En effet, tout comme Flaubert, confrontant a des prejuges et a des souffrances, Houchou se refugie dans la lecture et trouve dans l’art un abri a ses refoulements, et determine son destin contre ce que son milieu lui a envisage, et cela en s’appuyant sur un choix conscient. Dans cette etude, nous traiterons des traits caracteristiques de l’histoire de devenir a travers cette autobiographie, en nous appuyant sur quelques notions analytiques sartriennes touchant le devenir chez les figures artistiques. English: Moradi Kermani's Believe it or Not: Autobiography as Exposition of BecomingAfter a long career as a writer, Houshang Moradi Kermani, the author of children's stories records his own life in a book titled Believe it or not. This autobiography represents, in a clear and understandable way, the "becoming" of an Iranian author, from his childhood to his wisdom filled with honor and success. The constant presence of the notion of suffering and evolution in this novel encouraged us to present a brief comparison of the past of this author with the life of Gustave Flaubert, known to his family as a mental paralysis. Indeed, like Flaubert, Houchou confronting prejudice and suffering, took refuge in reading and found a safe shelter in the Art, and determines consciously his destiny against what his environment considered for him. In this study, based on some conceptions of Sartre and his existentialism, we discuss the characteristic features of the story of becoming in Believe it or not.Keywords: Moradi Kermani, Believe it or not, autobiography, becoming, Sartre, Flaubert, Iran

A Study of Binary Oppositions in the Works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Roald Dahl  Neda Nourpisheh GhadimiPh.D. Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran Ahmad TahanAssistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran Farzaneh MozaffarianAssistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran  IntroductionNarratives are created only through oppositions; therefore, it is necessary to analyze characters and their actions based on binary oppositions. This study focuses on binary oppositions as conceptual structures, such as good and evil, which can be found in the whole Persian literature. In general, one of the most fundamental issues in explaining similarities and differences between works of Iranian and non-Iranian authors is the comparison of their conceptual structures, including binary and oppositional structures.Literary structuralism, which is rooted in linguistic studies, is a method of analyzing literary texts. Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them. It originated from the linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure, and structuralist theorists have been significantly influenced by his thoughts. Methodology, Literature Review, and Purpose This is a theoretical research which uses descriptive and analytical methodology. First, the main elements of structuralism, especially binary oppositions, are surveyed in seminal works by structuralist theorists. Then, the biographies of both authors, Kermani and Dahl, are reviewed to obtain information about their social, cultural, and political situation.The purpose of this study is to explain the similarities and differences between the binary oppositions in the works of an Iranian and a non-Iranian author in order to find out which oppositions can be universal.There has been no independent research on binary oppositions in children and adolescent literature in Iran. However, research has been done on binary oppositions in other areas of literature; for example, Razmjooei (2016) in “The binary oppositions of war/peace and love/hatred in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh” comes to the conclusion that although love and peace are superior to hatred and war, their superiority is not ‘absolute’. Mohseni (2014) in “A study of binary oppositions in Nima Yushij’s ‘Sarivili house’” illustrates how Nima uses binary oppositions to express the most important differences, similarities, and conflicts of his thoughts against those in power. DiscussionThat binary oppositions are the basis of linguistic knowledge was discussed much earlier than de Saussure in the works of Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle established a dualistic view of human knowledge with his discussions of essence, form, etc., which later influenced literature and other areas of writing. The term was first used by phonologist Nikolai Trubetzkoy. He identified it as the foundation of a value system rooted in cultural history. This term is one of the key concepts in the field of linguistic theories, semiotics, and literary criticism.Roland Barthes believes that semiotics is based on binary oppositions. In literary criticism, this term is one of the fundamental concepts of structuralism and post-structuralism (deconstruction). Jacobson believed that children learn these oppositions first. In his view, language is based on binary oppositions, and the difference between consonant and vowel sound is the most fundamental element of phonology.Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them. Claude Lévi-Strauss explains that items in a system are juxtaposed in pairs which are connected with each other. Each text is a set of contrasts that encompass confrontations of good and evil, rich and poor, black and white. ConclusionBy examining the oppositions and analyzing their relationship in the stories by Houshang Moradi Kermani and Roald Dahl, we came to the conclusion that the consequences of poverty in Iran and Britain are the same: children’s forced labor and their confrontation with the realities of life. Children are forced to deal with economic problems, illness and hunger when they should actually be enjoying their childhood. In the works of both writers, these poor children’s neighbors or classmates are from the rich class of society. This creates problems, since the children either escape or start to protest against the wealthy class. The use of force, violence and insults by the wealthy are other issues addressed by these two authors. The feeling of captivity and slavery felt by the poor are among other common themes employed by both authors.There are differences in the use of binary oppositions in the works by these two authors, too. In Moradi Kermani’s works, poor adults mainly believe in fatalism and superstitions but poor children are realistic; while in Dahl's works, poor adults and children are both realistic. In Moradi Kermani's works, the poor are harmless and they do not have any supporters; while in Dahl's works, the poor cause harassments and have supporters such as doctors or priests. Keywords: Roald Dahl, Houshang Moradi Kermani, binary oppositions, structuralism References:Ahmadi, B. (1991). Text structure and interpretation. Markaz.Babak Moein, M. (2004). The process of meaning generation. The First Symposium of Art Semiotics, Tehran, Academy of Arts.Bertens, H. (2005). Literary theory: The basics (M. R. Abolghasemi, Trans.). Mahi.Cuddon, J. A. (1999). The Penguin dictionary of literary terms and literary theory (4th Edition). Penguin Books.Dahl, R. (1993). Charlie and the chocolate factory (M. Binaei, Trans.). Zekr.Dahl, R. (1993). Danny, the champion of the world (H. Lezgi, Trans.). Zekr.Dahl, R. (1996). Fantastic Mr. fox (H. Lezgi, Trans.). Zekr.Emami, N. (2003). Deconstruction in the process of literary analysis. Rasesh.Haji Nasrollah, S. (2003). Moradi Kermani’s style, from Majid’s Tales to Pomegranate’s Smile. Research Journal of Children and Adolescent Literature, No. 34 and 33, Summer and Autumn, pp. 119-141.Hajvani, M. (1999). Children will finally bring God back. Journal of Child and Adolescent Literature, Fifth Year, Fall 1999, pp. 2-13.Harland, R. (2007). Literary theory from Plato to Barthes: An introductory history (B. Barakat, Trans.). University of Gilan.Hesampour, S., Dehghanian, J. & Khavari, S. (2011). A Study of techniques of satire and humor in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani. Journal of Children Literature Studies, Shiraz University, Second Year, First Issue, Spring and Summer, pp. 24-54.Jamadi, S. (2010). Context and time of phenomenology. Ghoghnoos.Kheradkhord, F., Azarmakan, H. & Norouzi, A. (2016). The Evolution of the concept of childhood in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani. Thought and Child, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 7 (1), Spring and Summer, pp. 25-53.Moradi Kermani, H. (2015). You are not a stranger. Mehrab.Moradi Kermani, H. (2017). Majid’s tales. Mehrab.Moradi Kermani, H. (2017). Children of carpet-weaving house. Mehrab.Moein Darbari, M., Sharifi, S. & Khanejan, A. (2015). The application of cultural filter in the translation of literary terms: A case study of English translation of Children of carpet-weaving house by Moradi Kermani. Quarterly Journal of Language Studies and Translation, No. 3, pp. 29- 58.Okhovvat, A. (1992). Grammar of story. Farda.Rad, F. (2009). A Critical study of Fantastic Mr. fox. Book of the Month for Children and Adolescents, No. 147, pp. 38-44.Salajegeh, P. (2001). The sound of checking exercises. Moein.Sha'iri, H. & Vafaei, T. (2009). A way to the sign-fluid semantics: A case study of Ghoghnoos by Nima. Elmi va Farhangi.Scholes, R. (2004). An introduction to structuralism in literature (F. Taheri, Trans.). Agah.

Houshang Moradi Kermani is among fiction writers who is prominent and renowned in Iran who writes in nativism style, however, he thinks universally and due to this fact many of his literary works have been translated into European languages such as Russian, Turkish and recently translated into Arabic. Among his writing characteristics are paying attention to native features and regional characteristics including customs and rituals, folklore literature, ecological conditions such as plant covering and weather conditions. Among these stories which reflect ecological elements and nativism is the novel “You are not a stranger!”. In the present paper, we chose this book due to its application of folklore literature, customs and rituals, and ecological and living conditions of the people who live in deserts of Kerman. We have tried to examine the author’s folklore regarding Kermani people’s regional characteristics and Moradi Kermani’s hometown.

There is no specific research on the reflection of folk poems in Houshang Moradi Kermani 's works; however, there are some studies conducted the main themes of which are the culture and folk literature and folk pomes. These articles are mostly collections of papers such as "The role of Kerman folklore culture in enriching children and adolescent literature" (2017) by Heidari Abkenari and Asadian. However, the presence of local and indigenous poems of Kerman have been mentioned only in three stories with no analytical aspect in this article.